Overview:
This report evaluates the characteristics and outcomes of individuals under AP&P supervision that are classified as habitual offenders, as defined by SB213.
Senate Bill 213 (SB213) classifies individuals with six or more felony convictions within the past five years as habitual offenders. This report examines the characteristics and outcomes of habitual offenders under AP&P supervision using data from the Utah Department of Corrections (UDOC) from 2019 to 2024. The analysis explores their demographics, risk and need profiles, including substance use needs, criminal history, and recidivism trends. In 2024, UDOC launched an intensified supervision program to reduce recidivism and enhance public safety through tailored strategies for habitual offenders, including reduced officer case loads. Part two of this series will explore the program’s impact on a set of outcomes, including violations and early recidivism patterns. Insights from this study aim to inform policy improvements and strengthen supervision practices for this high-risk population.
Evaluation Scope & Criteria:
Assesses individuals under AP&P supervision, classified as habitual offenders per Senate Bill 213 (SB213), who began probation or parole between 2019 and 2024.
Offense Type & Supervision Challenges:
Most were convicted of property or drug-related crimes and frequently violated supervision due to substance use.
Prison Returns & Risk Factors:
Many returns occur early, with higher-risk individuals returning more frequently. The most common primary offense was property-related (~60%), followed by alcohol & drug offenses (23%) and person offenses (10%). A significant portion (86%) were assessed as intensive or high risk, with 56% having high substance use treatment needs.
Policy Recommendations:
The majority of habitual offenders have been convicted of a property or alcohol and drug-related offense and exhibit intensive-to-high risk and need profiles, highlighting the necessity for targeted supervision and treatment services. A smaller proportion have been convicted of person-related offenses, requiring a stronger focus on public safety measures.
Policy Recommendations: Early intervention, tailored supervision, expanded access to treatment, and comprehensive services can reduce recidivism, improve rehabilitation, and generate cost savings.
Read the full report:
SB213 Preliminary Evaluation